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X3F to DNG
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X3F is a raw image file format used by Sigma cameras, specifically those with Foveon X3 sensors. The format captures all the data from the sensor without any in-camera processing, allowing photographers to have maximum control over post-processing. The Foveon sensor is unique in that it captures full color information for each pixel by layering photodiodes, distinguishing it from other camera sensors.

DNG (Digital Negative) is an open-source raw image file format developed by Adobe, aimed at providing a universal and more standardized option for storing raw image data from digital cameras. This format enables extensive post-processing flexibility, allowing photographers to adjust exposure, color balance, and other settings while preserving image quality. DNG files also tend to be smaller in size compared to other raw formats, and they are widely supported across various software applications, making them a popular choice for photographers looking for both quality and compatibility.